
Winter is a time of crisp air, cozy sweaters, and the joy of holidays. But for many, it’s also a season marked by sneezes, sniffles, and itchy eyes. While allergies are commonly associated with spring and summer, winter allergies are just as real and can be equally disruptive. Let’s explore what causes winter allergies, how to differentiate them from cold or flu, and practical tips to manage them.
What Causes Winter Allergies?
Unlike spring allergies triggered by pollen, winter allergies are often caused by indoor allergens. As we spend more time indoors during the colder months, exposure to these triggers increases. Common culprits include:
Dust Mites: These microscopic creatures thrive in warm, humid environments like bedding, carpets, and upholstered furniture.
Mold and Mildew: Mold spores can grow in damp areas like basements, bathrooms, or poorly ventilated spaces.
Pet Dander: Proteins found in the skin flakes, saliva, or urine of pets can cause allergic reactions.
Cockroach: Cockroach allergens are found in their saliva, feces, and body parts, and can trigger allergic reactions and asthma. These tiny particles can become airborne and contaminate the air indoors.
Rodents: Rodents’ allergens are likely from rodent urine, saliva, and skin. These allergens can cause sneezing, congestion, and itchy eyes.
Indoor Pollutants: Scented candles, air fresheners, or wood-burning stoves can irritate the respiratory system.
Winter Allergies vs. Cold or Flu
It’s easy to confuse winter allergies with a cold or flu since they share similar symptoms. Here’s how to tell the difference:
Symptom | Winter Allergies | Cold/Flu |
Duration | Persistent, as long as exposed to allergens | Typically resolves in 7–10 days
|
Nasal Discharge | Clear and watery | Yellow or green (often thicker) |
Fever | Rare | Common with flu |
Body Aches | Rare | Common with flu |
Itchy Eyes/Nose/Throat | Common | Rare |
Managing Winter Allergies
1. Identify and Reduce Exposure
Dust Mites: Use allergen-proof covers for pillows and mattresses, wash bedding in hot water weekly, and vacuum with a HEPA filter.
Mold: Fix leaks, use a dehumidifier, and clean mold-prone areas regularly.
Pet Dander: Limit pet access to bedrooms, groom pets frequently, and use air purifiers.
Cockroach/Rodents: Try to eradicate as much as possible with pest control measures. This can be a problem, particularly in apartment buildings.
2. Improve Indoor Air Quality
Ventilate your home regularly, even in winter. - Invest in a HEPA air purifier.
Avoid using strong scents or smoking indoors.
3. Use Medications
Over-the-counter antihistamines or decongestants can help alleviate symptoms.
Nasal sprays, like saline or corticosteroids, can reduce inflammation and clear nasal passages.
Consult an allergist for personalized treatments, such as allergy shots or immunotherapy.
4. Stay Hydrated and Humidify Wisely
Dry indoor air can worsen allergy symptoms. Use a humidifier to maintain humidity levels between 30–50%.
Avoid over-humidifying, as excessive moisture can encourage mold growth.
When to See a Doctor
If your symptoms persist despite preventive measures, or if you experience severe reactions like difficulty breathing or chronic sinus infections, it’s time to consult a healthcare provider. An allergist can help pinpoint triggers and recommend advanced treatments tailored to your needs.
Final Thoughts
Winter allergies might not get the spotlight like their spring counterparts, but they can significantly impact your comfort and quality of life. By understanding the causes and taking proactive steps, you can minimize their effects and enjoy the winter season to its fullest.
Stay warm, stay healthy, and don’t let winter allergies freeze your joy!
Raymond Nwadiuko, MD., FACAAI
Maryland Allergy & Asthma Center
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